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This study attempts to identify and analyze the barriers to
     implementing a reverse logistics (RL) system in Indian Construction,   Ambekar, S., Roy, D., Hiray, A., Prakash,A.,
                                                                           & Patyal, V. S. (2022). Barriers to adoption
     Real estate, Infrastructure and Project (CRIP) sectors and present a
     structured model to identify interdependencies among them. The
                                                                           of reverse logistics: A case of
     barriers to implementing RL in CRIP sectors in India were identified
     using a Delphi study. The interdependencies were identified using     construction, real estate, infrastructure,
     Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). Further, using the Matriced’
     Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée à un Classement (MICMAC)     and project (CRIP) sectors. Engineering,
     analysis, the barriers were classified on the basis of their driving
     power and interdependencies. The study has identified ten barriers    Construction and Architectural
                                                                           Management, 29(7), 2878-2902.
     that can hamper the application of an RL system in CRIP sectors.
     The finding of the ISM model shows that macro level barriers such
     as lack of awareness of reverse logistics, insufficient government
     policies and unavailability of standard codes stimulate each other
     and also drive all other barriers. The organization-specific barriers
     operating at the strategic/tactical level, namely, company’s rigid
     mechanism, lack of awareness of economic profits, inadequate
     company’s organizational policies and lack of training, reluctance
     from stakeholders, scarcity of resources and finance from company
     are found at the intermediate  level of hierarchy and they can be
     influenced by the barriers at the lower level and influence the
     barriers on the and higher levels. The operational level barrier
     namely “Inadequate Information Technology system” is at the top of
     the hierarchy and can be driven by all the barriers at the lower level.
     The present findings are based on the opinions of experts only from
     Indian CRIP sectors so the results may require to be validated in other
     contexts. The structural model presenting the interdependencies will
     be a guide for the CRIP supply chain professionals in understanding
     and ranking the barriers they may face while implementing the RL
     system. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing
     a set of barriers and their interdependencies faced during the
     implementation of an RL system implementation in CRIP sectors. It is
     one of the first studies which identifies barriers applicable to the CRIP
     firms in India and models their inter-dependencies. Consequently,
     these firms can make a move forward towards a circular economy
     by overcoming these interlinked barriers.


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